As overall temperatures increase more water evaporates and severe weather conditions increase. Drought Follows the Plow (ed. Animals are left to graze on a specific part off the land removing most of the vegetation and leaving the soil exposed and susceptible to erosion. Desertification is a type of land degradation in drylands in which biological productivity is lost due to natural processes or induced by human activities whereby fertile areas become increasingly arid. The paper examines appropriate drought mitigating initiatives, linking them to land tenure and land management practices. A massive drought had affected the Sahel, the large 5,400-km strip that crosses Africa from west to east, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. . removal of the natural vegetation cover（by taking … jeonyuna288 jeonyuna288 24.03.2022 South Africa has a water resource problem and loss of water storage in reservoirs contributes to the scarcity. Browse 4,083 desertification stock photos and images available, or search for desertification asia or desertification china to find more great stock photos and pictures. Africa is the continent most affected by desertification, and one of the most obvious natural borders on the landmass is the southern edge of the Sahara desert.The countries that lie on the edge of the Sahara are among the poorest in the world, and they are subject to periodic droughts that devastate their peoples. As the world marks Desertification and Drought Day today, I thought I'd share my experience working in climate change, specifically, in one of climate change's most subtle, not so well understood, and deadly manifestations: droughts. A drought here could severely affect South Africa's economy. 2002; Blamey et al. Drought has wide-ranging impacts on health, water supply and economic sectors, especially agriculture. 1. View Academics in Causes of Desertification In South Africa on Academia.edu. M.Glantz), 9-30. It occurs because of man-made activities and climate change. Case in point: when images of droughts are shown in news articles, webinar invitations, and the like, all we see is a patch of cracked, dry land. Understanding drought risk in South Africa. View Academics in Causes of Desertification In South Africa on Academia.edu. Here is a list of some of the effects of drought on the economy: 1. Water from wells and other sources are beginning to be rationed out to save reservoir water. Arnold Lebatse, Mathatheng, South Africa - Poorer farmer suffering soil nutrient depletion. Desertification hotspots include North Africa, Southeast Asia (including the Middle East, India, and China), Australia, and Latin America (the Central and South Americas, plus Mexico). Africa is the continent most affected by desertification, and one of the most obvious natural borders on the landmass is the southern edge of the Sahara desert. It is possible to have short-term changes that result in . This method was applied at local scale in the palm grove of Draa valley in southeastern . 22 Dec 2021. Desertification not only affects the local people, but also the rest of the world. A significant drawback in combating desertification and drought is the failure of African governments to devolve power to the people who are affected, and to link environmental degradation to economic policy. 2018b) and because it is a region of sharp vegetation, soil moisture and topographic . 2. Drought, Desertification, and Food Production. whereas over cultivation, inappropriate agricultural practices, overgrazing and deforestation have been previously identified as the major causes of land degradation and desertification, it is in. Natural Causes of desertification Drought is one of the major natural causes of desertification in the drylands. He shows that the amount of available water in the region around Cape Town is indeed dependent on El Niño (Figure 2). An attempt has been made to unravel the changing views on the human causes, this is followed by a brief outline of the intervening plans and actions to stem the problem. South Africa ratified it on 28 September 1997. . Climate change is one of the main causes of drought and desertification . As a result, farmers and government are working together to develop strategies. If the pattern and precipitation deficits last for more than six months, it is typically considered long-term drought. Many countries around the world suffer from the problems . Effects that scientists predicted in the past—loss of sea ice, accelerated sea level rise and longer, more intense heat . A drought is a period of drier-than-normal conditions that results in water-related problems. Oxford Press, New Delhi, India. Its duration is usually short-term, one to two years. reduced water vapour) ridges of high pressure areas which prevent or restrict the developing of thunderstorm activity or … 3. 4.8/5 (789 Views . An official website of the United States government. Causes of drought. International Conference on Land Degradation and Desertification, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Several studies on the extent and rate of desertification in South Africa have been conducted in the last 50 years. Among these . In many areas, planting has not been possible due to 30 to 50 day delays in the onset of seasonal rains resulting in widespread crop failure. is the process of land turning into desert as the quality of the soil declines over time. Much of the southern African sub-region has consequently experienced significant delays in planting and very poor conditions for early crop development and pasture re-growth. "The most important cause of the lack of rain is thought to be the strong El Niño of recent years", says drought expert Niko Wanders. Desertification, a phenomenon referring to land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions as a result of climatic variations and human activities, is considered as one of the most severe environmental and socio-economic problems of recent times. Some informal settlements in Cape Town are located on . Climate change, land use change and socio-political and institutional transitions in EA have caused recurrent droughts (IPCC, 2007; Meier et al., 2007; Trenberth et al., 2014; Zhao and Dai, 2015). These limited water resources are affected by weather extremes imposed by climate variability and change. The World Desertification Day is to Combat Desertification and Drought. African drylands (which include the Sahara, the Kalahari, and the grasslands of . [2] It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected region [3] and cause harm . In 2020, "World Day to Combat Desertification" (WDCD) became "World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought", or more simply "Desertification and Drought Day".. 5 The Sahel is a semi-arid transition region that extends across Africa between the Sahara to the north and the wetter regions of equatorial Africa to the south. Agricultural Losses. Vulnerability to desertification in Africa is assessed using the information on soils, climate, and the previously evaluated land resource stresses. Desertification does not refer to the expansion of existing deserts. It is the spread of arid areas caused by a variety of factors, such as climate change and overexploitation of soil as a result of human activity. Many countries around the world suffer from the problems . The region currently faces extensive desertification caused by numerous factors. Causes of droughts Drought from jmoncur Climate change is cause of Ethiopian drought El Niño as a cause of drought in Australia Global Dimming and drought - Sahel and Maldives examples Causes of desertification Desertification in the Sahel - causes and solutions Effects of droughts and desertification on people and the environment Desertification is a process of degradation of the land. This is why it is so important to consider changes in ET when discussing water savings. Desertification. . It is a United Nations observance celebrated annually on 17th June. To understand the underlying causes of declining crop yields, farmers were asked about their decision-making processes and soil management practices. The Effects of Desertification in Africa Desertification is a process that destroys fertile land. Africa is an example of an area that suffers from recurring drought and desertification. What are the harmful effects of desertification quizlet? It occurs because of man-made activities and climate change. Desertification is now recognized as a major global environment problem and a cause of hunger and impoverishment and large-scale population immigrations and social dislocation in the drylands of the world of the South, particularly, Sub-Saharan Africa. (1994). The central theme is the human causes and consequences of desertification in the drylands of Africa. A recent Southern African Development Community (SADC) report suggests that by mid-2017 four countries will have to declare national drought disasters, namely, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Malawi, the Kingdom of Swaziland, and the Republic of . Briefly, low-phase years of the El Nino Southern Oscillation are accompanied by reductions in heat release and convection over tropical southern Africa caused by adjustments in the Walker Circulation and a retarded number of tropical-temperate troughs across South Africa. This can be caused by drought, overpopulation, over-farming, deforestation and climate change. What causes desertification in South Africa? As a result, drought has had a severe impact on the environment and the socio-economic welfare of the societies in the region. Landscapes and crops need more water to survive and overall the demand for water increases. A drought is an event of prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric (below-average precipitation ), surface water or ground water. The land was left without water and without a blade of grass, and . The effects of climate change span the impacts on physical environment, ecosystems and human societies due to ongoing human-caused climate change.The future impact of climate change depends on how much nations reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change. A drought can last for months or years, or may be declared after as few as 15 days. It is caused primarily by human activities and climatic variations. The vegetation. If a weather pattern that results in a precipitation deficit lasts for a few weeks or months, it is considered short-term drought. What causes drought? Population increase, cutting trees, over-cultivation, overgrazing and opening up marginal land. Desertification. The concept of desertification has been the subject of fierce debate. What causes desertification in South Africa? Drought is normally drought situation in South Africa For more information: Visit the WRC Drought Portal at www.droughtsa.org.za Background South Africa is a semi-arid to arid country with a highly variable climate with highly constrained freshwater resources. Background Worldwide, the arid regions have been experiencing cyclical droughts and devastation due to land desertification. What are causes of desertification? Drought, Desertification, and Food Production. All member countries of the UNCCD recently agreed to fight . removal of the natural vegetation cover（by taking too much fuel wood）, agricultural activities in the vulnerable ecosystems of arid and semi-arid areas, which are thus strained beyond their capacity. . Even though in this case there may still be some rainfall, there may not be enough to sustain life. The main causes of desertification include: Its purpose is to raise awareness of the presence of desertification and drought, highlighting methods of preventing desertification and recovering from drought. Glantz, M.H. 4. 1. Such natural disasters severely affect the growth of crops in the field, especially those that are dependent on natural precipitation as the major source of water. . The causes of drought in EA are diverse in nature, as this region is characterised by different geographical factors, regional oceanic circulations and coastal influences (Lyon, 2014; Ayana et al., 2016).The region is a focal point of important geographical areas including the Turkana channel, East African highlands, Lake Victoria and the Red Sea Trench (Lyon, 2014 . percentage areas in severe drought and severe moisture surplus closely related to the shift of El-Niño - Southern Oscillation towards more warm events since the late 1970s.] Here's how you know A multi-criteria approach was proposed to establish the relationship between these pressures and assess their impact on the socio-economical, physical, and biological resources. Change in ecological system, effect on human activities, decrease in crop yield, sandstorms and flooding. When the water reservoir runs out it will cause mass . The threat of land degradation is so widely recognized that the UN established the Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) nearly 25 years ago, in 1994. Non-governmental organisations and authorities' willingness to institute drought and desertification combating measures are reviewed, highlighting the role that community action plays in reducing adverse effects in the region. It is caused primarily by human activities and climatic variations. South Africa ratified it on 28 September 1997. Desertification is the degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas. 'Climatic variations' and 'Human activities' can be regarded as the two main causes of desertification. Causes of desertification. View all Southern Africa: Drought - 2018-2022 Appeals and Response Plans. Cambridge University Press. The principal aim of this study was to explore the impacts of desertification, degradation and drought on both the natural resources . 1) Land and water temperatures cause drought. NAP takes place. In the deserts of the Southwest, the average precipitation is less than 3 inches per year. Drought Follows the Plow (ed. The drylands cover over 40% of the total land area of the world, and in Africa most areas may be arid and semi arid lands (ASALs). Conflicts and natural disasters forced tens of millions to flee within their own country last year, pushing the number of internally displaced people to a record high, monitors said Thursday. Wanders: "The stronger the El Niño signal, the less water is available in the region. Midrand, South . The countries that lie on the edge of the Sahara are among the poorest in the world, and they are subject to periodic droughts that devastate their peoples. Desertification does not refer to the expansion of existing deserts. Desertification is a process of degradation of the land. South Africa ratified it on 28 September 1997. dead trees on the banks of a lake during the drought, western cape, south africa - desertification stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images Numerous interventions targeted at reducing poverty and improvement in resource management . Drought is protracted rainfall failure. Fewer cloud bands occur and rainfall is diminished (Harrison, 1986). Drought-related land degradation or desertification poses a huge threat to sustainable land and resource management in the region. Causes of desertification. It is caused primarily by human activities and climatic variations. Desertification is the degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas. Desertification is the degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas. These factors include very high birth rates and thus expansion of agriculture into unsuitable areas, uncontrolled tree cutting for a fuel, all connected with effects of climate change and bad government policies. Glantz, M.H. Due to the limited resources available in Africa, the . Drought is a problem in South Africa and it affects farmers. major cause, especially in Africa. South Africa ratified it on 28 September 1997. However, there is a lack of objective methods for assessing desertification and land degradation in South Africa, and little research has been conducted on appropriate methods for this on a national scale. Top 10 Causes Of Drought In Africa 1. This is because the causes of desertification are many and complex, ranging from international trade patterns to unsustainable land management practices. It is a legally binding agreement between the partner nations to work together to achieve sustainable land management. Cambridge University Press. * PAP Debates the Problem of Desertification in Africa. The following case studies highlight the range of threats to and opportunities for sustainable farming. 19 Votes) Desertification is taking place in the Sahel partly because of the low annual rainfall but mostly because of effects off human activities such as overgrazing. The effects of desertification are seen in many parts of the world, but is predominantly in India, Australia, Asia and Africa. Answer:Climatic variations' and 'Human activities' can be regarded as the two main causes of desertification. Desertification is the degradation process by which a fertile land changes itself into a desert by losing its flora and fauna, this can be caused by drought, deforestation, climate change, human activities or improper agriculture. The amount of precipitation at a particular location varies from year to year, but over a period of years the average amount is fairly constant. Its main causes are drought, desiccation and human activities. Africa's drought and environmental challenges have caused many societal problems. The Eastern Cape is of interest not just because of the severe drought that it is currently experiencing but also because its western parts lie near the transition zone between the summer (most of southern Africa) and winter rainfall regions (southwestern South Africa, Reason et al. 20 Dec 2021. (1994). Defining Short- and Long-Term Drought. Originally published. B. Cape Town was struck by a drought, and has around 70 days of water left in its water reservoir, which happens to be a dam. M.Glantz), 9-30. this can be triggered by: a high level of reflected sunlight, [high albedo] an unusual above average and strength of high pressure systems winds carrying continental, rather than oceanic air masses (i.e. And in Africa's Sahel region, bordered by the Sahara Desert to the north and savannas to the south, population growth has caused an increase in wood harvesting, illegal farming, and land-clearing . Hence, understanding and reducing the risks and adverse effects of drought such as yield losses is crucial, as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) states. widespread drought - and associated desertification - in the Sahel region of Africa in the second half of the 20th century has been linked to natural fluctuations in the . Though sequential droughts are common in the Horn of Africa, people there have not successfully responded to it; rather they have been devastated by it. Perhaps no other economic activity suffers more than agriculture during a drought. In ecological terms, it is a dry period from which an ecosystem often recovers rapidly after the rains return. percentage areas in severe drought and severe moisture surplus closely related to the shift of El-Niño - Southern Oscillation towards more warm events since the late 1970s.] Linkages to trade patterns that perpetuate poverty and unwise use of resources are discussed. Short-lived droughts are seldom dangerous; but sequential drought years are. Water shortages are a major threat globally but their impact is more severe in Africa in general and in Sub-Saharan Africa in particular. 2021 sees record numbers displaced globally and in Myanmar. is the process of land turning into desert as the quality of the soil declines over time. Consequently, many programmes lack local support or are undermined by conflicting trade and agricultural policies pursued by governments. The direct causes of desertification can be broadly divided between those relating to how the land is - or isn't - managed and those relating to the climate. 2022-05-20T08:02+0200mizzima (en) . It is a disorderly and gradual change in the meteorological balance of the regions, which slowly but steadily modifies the climate, turning fertile regions into deserts, deserts into flood zones and submerging coasts due to an increase in the volume of water in the sea . Desertification does not refer to the expansion of existing deserts. Lack of Air Moisture Reduced moisture in the atmosphere can result in less than average rainfall. Between 1984 and 1985, international media brought to the world's attention the existence of what was called the "Hunger Belt". Between late 2014 and June 2016, South Africa experienced an El Niño-related drought, which various reports claim to be the worst meteorological drought in the southern Africa region in 35 years (BBC 2015; SAWS 2016; WFP 2016), specifically covering the period October 2015 to January 2016 (WFP 2016), it followed the third driest season in the Desertification is, "land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid . Desertification is the degradation process by which a fertile land changes itself into a desert by losing its flora and fauna, this can be caused by drought, deforestation, climate change, human activities or improper agriculture.

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